LoRaWan sensors are mainly used in the smart industry to control remote devices.

LoRaWAN™ defines the communication protocol and system architecture for the network, while the LoRa® physical layer enables the long-distance communication link. The protocol and network architecture have the greatest impact in determining the battery life of a node, network capacity, quality of service, security, and the variety of applications served by the network.

In a LoRaWAN™ network, the nodes are not connected to a specific gateway. Instead, the data transmitted by a node is typically received by multiple gateways. Each gateway forwards the received packet from the end node to the cloud-based network server via a backhaul (either cellular, Ethernet, satellite, or Wi-Fi). The intelligence and complexity is passed on to the network server, which manages the network and filters redundant received packets, performs security checks, schedules acknowledgements by the optimal gateway, performs adaptive data rate, etc.

It is extremely important that any LPWAN has security features. LoRaWAN™ uses two layers of security: one for the network and one for the application.

Network security ensures the authenticity of the node in the network, while the application layer of security ensures that the network operator does not have access to the end user's application data. AES encryption is used in key exchange using an IEEE EUI64 identifier.
(Source: www.atim.com)

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